Arc welding requires a specific power supply to create an electric arc between an electrode and a base material to melt metal at the welding point. Welders can either use direct current or alternating current, and consumable or non-consumable electrodes. This process may be manual, semi-automatic, or fully automatic. Welding Australia have created five tips on how to use an arc weld, all which are quite easy to use with the right safety equipment. 
Starting The Arc
Starting an arc weld isn’t as simple as flicking on a switch. Unlike MIG welders, the electrode becomes live straight after the arc is turned on. This starts by momentarily touching the electrode against the work to increase the electrical circuit before quickly raising the electrode to establish the arc. It is important to start the ark as quickly as possible to avoid welding the rod to your work, and make sure the rod is kept insulated from the ground when not in use. After using the rod, it needs to return to an electric current, for example a piece of wood.
Arc Welding Safely
To protect yourself while using an arc weld, you need to protect your skin and eyes from UV light, and make sure anyone in the vicinity are protected as well. Work in a well ventilated area with extraction fans and wear a vapour mask or an air fed helmet for when you are working with special materials. Never leave anything flammable laying around nearby, as welding spatter and grinding sparks can cause an high risk of fire. Because of this it is necessary to wear safety glasses or goggles to protect your eyes.
Rod Angle (lead angle)
When welding on a flat, the rod needs to be angled at least 10-20 degrees vertically and pulled in the direction of the arrow. This prevents the slag overtaking the rod, as welding over the slag would cause inclusions in the weld. It is advisable to support the electrode with your free hand, which would improve the control of the electrode. Make sure you keep your hand clear from the rod, as you could accidently burn yourself.
Arc Length
The arc should be the same diameter of the rod, which can be measured by using 3.2mm rods the distance between the flux coating the rod and the flux on top of the weld. The flux is usually less than 1mm.
Welding Motion
While arc welding, the arc is started by a tap start, and the red becomes shorter as the weld progresses. The rod can be moved in a straight line to form a ‘stringer’, and a small amount of weave can be used to assist with the control of speed and direction.
After you have finished using the arc weld, remove the slag and clean it to allow the paint to bond better. Remove any foreign material and clean it thoroughly, as a clean weld is easier to examine for defects.
